Frank L. H. Wolfs
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Slide 34
Einstein's special theory of relativity.
¥Einstein's special theory of relativity was so revolutionary that many great physicists had great difficulty accepting it.
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¥Einstein's special theory of relativity changed the foundation of physics.  Its "design" was largely based on aesthetic arguments, rather than an extensive set of observations that could not be explained in any other way.
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¥The only experimental information that was used by Einstein (the Michelson-Morley experiment) could also be explained by making small changes to existing theories, although it required the introduction of unknown forces.